(Original Entry 19/12/1911)
by Marcelo Gullo **
http://www.voltairenet.org/article167995.html
12/19/2010 Columbus
Castilla gave the same goal, from 1415 sought Portugal: reach the Indies, but by sailing west. The idea of \u200b\u200breaching Asia by sailing west was not new. Already in his time, Seneca, had stated that it was possible to sail from Spain to India in a few days. The unexpected result of the efforts of Spain to reach the Indies, called America. Reflecting on the discovery and conquest of America, Abelardo Ramos says that (when) "... the October 12, 1492, the Ligurian Christopher Columbus discovers the existence of a European Novo Orbis ... not only was the eclipse of the Ptolemaic tradition and the end of medieval geography. There was something else. Latin America was born that day and she gestaría great new people, based on the fusion of ancient cultures. "
For Jorge Abelardo Ramos, 12 October, is the birthday of America and this is a irreversible fact - according to Ramos-whether that date is named "... discovery of America, or Double Discovery or Encounter of Two Worlds, or genocide, according to taste, especially as interest, .. not always clear. "
Since that time data, also the desire of England to Spain to snatch the new lands discovered and colonized. It is during the reign of Philip II of Spain, Queen Elizabeth I of England against the English America launches a pack of pirates and buccaneers who started against Spain a low intensity war. Thus, English America will be attacked by Francis Drake in 1579, and John Davis in 1592. The English strategic objective is clear from the outset: Spain snatch pieces of their sovereignty in America. The numerous islands of the Americas will be the first British victims of greed. In Americas southern England sets its sight on the islands strategically controlling the passage between the two oceans, our Malvinas Islands - and organizing, in 1748, an expedition with the clear purpose to seize them, but only many years later, he get their hands on them. Important to note that British greed was corresponding increase to the weakening of English power and, in 1806 and in 1807, Britain invades the city of Buenos Aires with the clear intention to take over the entire Southern Cone of the Americas. The people in arms defeated on both occasions the British professional army in the second invasion had nothing less than 10.000 soldiers. However, militarily defeated, England did not give up.
only change in tactics to achieve its objective of seizing the lands of the Plata. To this end, the outbreak occurred independence, purchase intentions, secret lodges organize to defend their views, but above all, try to convince the men who run politics in the Río de la Plata, that should not put any protective barrier that prevent or hinder the arrival of British industrial products, the port of Buenos Aires as there is an international division of labor in which England must be the world's factory and the Provinces United's Rio de la Plata, his farm. Printing in the ideology of preserving their hegemony the appearance of a universal scientific principle of economy, managed to persuade their origins to the most elite of Buenos Aires, serving on the Unity Party. Gradually, the United Provinces of Río de la Plata, are turning into a semi-colony of Britain. However, the political emergence of Juan Manuel de Rosas in 1835, establishing the Customs Act, challenging, "as did the United States, also by then," the pseudo-scientific principles of free trade, it that the Argentine people to regain its economic sovereignty and politics. The British response to the arrival of Rose to power was, first, the occupation of the Falklands and then direct military intervention that carried out together with France. The unstated aim of the Anglo-French intervention was destabilizing the government of Rosas, in order to bring about his downfall. Defeated again by the people in arms England must wait until 1852 to re-impose on the Rio de la Plata policy of free trade. After Caseros, Argentina is once again a semi-British colony. Rosas overthrown, England begins to think that all of Patagonia could become a formal British colony. England know that neither the Mitre, or the Sarmientos oppose too much resistance. However, with the arrival of Rock, the presidency, Argentina seems to regain its concern timidly southern territories. Roca restart, then the diplomatic protest over the sovereignty of our Malvinas. However, it is the same Rock that abandoning any attempt at industrialization of Argentina allows it to become the House of England.
General Roca is the president hinge between the nineteenth and twentieth century. However, he could not escape the ideological subordination that Britain had over the vast majority of Argentina's political class. Mitre Rock defeated militarily but could not beat Mitrismo ideologically it was not anything other than the native embodiment of the principles of free trade that Britain had exported to the periphery as a doctrine of domination. Rock did industrialization northern economic policy. Not proposed, as suggested by John MacDonald to Canada in that historic moment to make Argentina a small industrial power. Rock did not intend to achieve economic independence, as proposed by John MacDonald to Canada - was formed to achieve economic prosperity structurally very weak and rapid economic progress, bound hand and foot, to Britain, self-contained itself the seeds of its own exhaustion. True, to Rock, came to the government the political elite of the interior provinces, whose interests differ from the port, ie the political class of the contraband Buenos Aires born after May 1810, set out to make the provinces, a colony of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, a colony of England. But when the elite of the provinces came to Buenos Aires was co-opted by the power of Buenos Aires. Made it possible for the men inside were in government and the Buenos Aires office. "What they could not weapons did stay" Arturo Jauretche ironic.
In 1904 the old political class Buenos Aires government succeeded in driving the aesthetically annoying, but harmless and provincial presence. On 12 October of that year gave Julio Argentino Roca Manuel Quintana power. After the Argentina Caseros live a pseudo-democracy, is actually an oligarchic republic whose representatives are mere managers of the British Empire. That reality explains that in 1908, when England declared as a colonial dependency to our South Atlantic Islands and part of Patagonia, the president "Argentina", Figueroa Alcorta, do not make the slightest complaint or make the slightest protest. In 1914 President Roque Sáenz Peña sanctions, to prevent new civil war, the law enshrines the mandatory secret ballot. Two years later the Argentine people choose freely for the first time, the President of the Republic. With Hipólito Irigoyen and radicalism, the people return to power had been evicted after the battle of Caseros. However, Irigoyen fails to understand that while Argentina remains a pastoral country will remain a semi-colony. Only the arrival on the political life Argentina's Juan Domingo Peron, identified by his political enemies as a second
Rosas, Argentina makes intends to resume the path of industrialization. On July 9, 1949 in San Miguel de Tucumán, President of the Republic General Perón, in the historic house of Tucumán in whose rooms he had vowed in 1816 the political independence from Spain, proceeded to make the declaration of the Economic Independence of Argentina.
"follow the mandate of our history," says Peron. From Mendoza, San Martín hurried the Declaration of Independence, called his own deputies and sent to Tucumán. And we who have to follow the unbroken line of meaning and feeling sanmantiniano, we got to Tucumán to go to the same house, recalling the same climate, commit the same oath and resolve to die, if necessary, to achieve economic independence. " Why do we need this independence? Perón, he asks, to answer "Because then," Unfortunately, while we were fighting between 1810 and 1828 to win our political independence, we lost our economic independence, being colonized by other nations for over a hundred years have taken benefit of this situation "
General Perón
Tucumán reveals a truth long hidden by the story written by the victors of Home: the fact that Argentina went from formal dependency of Spain to the informal British dependency. The painful truth, hidden truth, is we changed the collar but do not stop being dogs. We spent the visible collar English, English invisible collar. We had a flag, anthem and army, but in England we are chained to their feet with the loan Baring Brothers and the subtle cultural colonization. After independence, we became an informal colony of the British Empire. On July 9, 1949, in Tucuman, General Perón started for our second emancipation. The independence of the British Empire was under way. It is in this context of recovery of political sovereignty for the first time, Argentina, Falkland bears his claim to international forums. Process that crown in 1965 with the UN resolution recognizing the colonial situation of the Malvinas, and obliged to Britain for the first time, to sit at the negotiating table.
* gave us this beautiful text by Professor Pedro Godoy director of the Center for Chileans, CEDECH, cedechdirector@gmail.com
** Marcelo Gullo, Ph.D. in Political Science from the Universidad del Salvador, BA in Political Science Universidad Nacional de Rosario, a graduate in International Studies from the Diplomatic School of Madrid, was awarded the Graduate Diploma (MSc) in International Relations, majoring in History and International Politics, by the Institut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales, Geneva. Helio Jaguaribe disciple and Methol Alberto Ferré, has published numerous articles and books, including Argentina, Brazil: The great opportunity and insubordination founding: a brief history of the construction of the power of nations, adviser on International Relations of the Federation Latin American Workers' Education and Culture (FLATEC) and professor at the Universidad Nacional de Lanús.
http://www.voltairenet.org/article167995.html
12/19/2010 Columbus
Castilla gave the same goal, from 1415 sought Portugal: reach the Indies, but by sailing west. The idea of \u200b\u200breaching Asia by sailing west was not new. Already in his time, Seneca, had stated that it was possible to sail from Spain to India in a few days. The unexpected result of the efforts of Spain to reach the Indies, called America. Reflecting on the discovery and conquest of America, Abelardo Ramos says that (when) "... the October 12, 1492, the Ligurian Christopher Columbus discovers the existence of a European Novo Orbis ... not only was the eclipse of the Ptolemaic tradition and the end of medieval geography. There was something else. Latin America was born that day and she gestaría great new people, based on the fusion of ancient cultures. "
For Jorge Abelardo Ramos, 12 October, is the birthday of America and this is a irreversible fact - according to Ramos-whether that date is named "... discovery of America, or Double Discovery or Encounter of Two Worlds, or genocide, according to taste, especially as interest, .. not always clear. "
Since that time data, also the desire of England to Spain to snatch the new lands discovered and colonized. It is during the reign of Philip II of Spain, Queen Elizabeth I of England against the English America launches a pack of pirates and buccaneers who started against Spain a low intensity war. Thus, English America will be attacked by Francis Drake in 1579, and John Davis in 1592. The English strategic objective is clear from the outset: Spain snatch pieces of their sovereignty in America. The numerous islands of the Americas will be the first British victims of greed. In Americas southern England sets its sight on the islands strategically controlling the passage between the two oceans, our Malvinas Islands - and organizing, in 1748, an expedition with the clear purpose to seize them, but only many years later, he get their hands on them. Important to note that British greed was corresponding increase to the weakening of English power and, in 1806 and in 1807, Britain invades the city of Buenos Aires with the clear intention to take over the entire Southern Cone of the Americas. The people in arms defeated on both occasions the British professional army in the second invasion had nothing less than 10.000 soldiers. However, militarily defeated, England did not give up.
only change in tactics to achieve its objective of seizing the lands of the Plata. To this end, the outbreak occurred independence, purchase intentions, secret lodges organize to defend their views, but above all, try to convince the men who run politics in the Río de la Plata, that should not put any protective barrier that prevent or hinder the arrival of British industrial products, the port of Buenos Aires as there is an international division of labor in which England must be the world's factory and the Provinces United's Rio de la Plata, his farm. Printing in the ideology of preserving their hegemony the appearance of a universal scientific principle of economy, managed to persuade their origins to the most elite of Buenos Aires, serving on the Unity Party. Gradually, the United Provinces of Río de la Plata, are turning into a semi-colony of Britain. However, the political emergence of Juan Manuel de Rosas in 1835, establishing the Customs Act, challenging, "as did the United States, also by then," the pseudo-scientific principles of free trade, it that the Argentine people to regain its economic sovereignty and politics. The British response to the arrival of Rose to power was, first, the occupation of the Falklands and then direct military intervention that carried out together with France. The unstated aim of the Anglo-French intervention was destabilizing the government of Rosas, in order to bring about his downfall. Defeated again by the people in arms England must wait until 1852 to re-impose on the Rio de la Plata policy of free trade. After Caseros, Argentina is once again a semi-British colony. Rosas overthrown, England begins to think that all of Patagonia could become a formal British colony. England know that neither the Mitre, or the Sarmientos oppose too much resistance. However, with the arrival of Rock, the presidency, Argentina seems to regain its concern timidly southern territories. Roca restart, then the diplomatic protest over the sovereignty of our Malvinas. However, it is the same Rock that abandoning any attempt at industrialization of Argentina allows it to become the House of England.
General Roca is the president hinge between the nineteenth and twentieth century. However, he could not escape the ideological subordination that Britain had over the vast majority of Argentina's political class. Mitre Rock defeated militarily but could not beat Mitrismo ideologically it was not anything other than the native embodiment of the principles of free trade that Britain had exported to the periphery as a doctrine of domination. Rock did industrialization northern economic policy. Not proposed, as suggested by John MacDonald to Canada in that historic moment to make Argentina a small industrial power. Rock did not intend to achieve economic independence, as proposed by John MacDonald to Canada - was formed to achieve economic prosperity structurally very weak and rapid economic progress, bound hand and foot, to Britain, self-contained itself the seeds of its own exhaustion. True, to Rock, came to the government the political elite of the interior provinces, whose interests differ from the port, ie the political class of the contraband Buenos Aires born after May 1810, set out to make the provinces, a colony of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, a colony of England. But when the elite of the provinces came to Buenos Aires was co-opted by the power of Buenos Aires. Made it possible for the men inside were in government and the Buenos Aires office. "What they could not weapons did stay" Arturo Jauretche ironic.
In 1904 the old political class Buenos Aires government succeeded in driving the aesthetically annoying, but harmless and provincial presence. On 12 October of that year gave Julio Argentino Roca Manuel Quintana power. After the Argentina Caseros live a pseudo-democracy, is actually an oligarchic republic whose representatives are mere managers of the British Empire. That reality explains that in 1908, when England declared as a colonial dependency to our South Atlantic Islands and part of Patagonia, the president "Argentina", Figueroa Alcorta, do not make the slightest complaint or make the slightest protest. In 1914 President Roque Sáenz Peña sanctions, to prevent new civil war, the law enshrines the mandatory secret ballot. Two years later the Argentine people choose freely for the first time, the President of the Republic. With Hipólito Irigoyen and radicalism, the people return to power had been evicted after the battle of Caseros. However, Irigoyen fails to understand that while Argentina remains a pastoral country will remain a semi-colony. Only the arrival on the political life Argentina's Juan Domingo Peron, identified by his political enemies as a second
Rosas, Argentina makes intends to resume the path of industrialization. On July 9, 1949 in San Miguel de Tucumán, President of the Republic General Perón, in the historic house of Tucumán in whose rooms he had vowed in 1816 the political independence from Spain, proceeded to make the declaration of the Economic Independence of Argentina.
"follow the mandate of our history," says Peron. From Mendoza, San Martín hurried the Declaration of Independence, called his own deputies and sent to Tucumán. And we who have to follow the unbroken line of meaning and feeling sanmantiniano, we got to Tucumán to go to the same house, recalling the same climate, commit the same oath and resolve to die, if necessary, to achieve economic independence. " Why do we need this independence? Perón, he asks, to answer "Because then," Unfortunately, while we were fighting between 1810 and 1828 to win our political independence, we lost our economic independence, being colonized by other nations for over a hundred years have taken benefit of this situation "
General Perón
Tucumán reveals a truth long hidden by the story written by the victors of Home: the fact that Argentina went from formal dependency of Spain to the informal British dependency. The painful truth, hidden truth, is we changed the collar but do not stop being dogs. We spent the visible collar English, English invisible collar. We had a flag, anthem and army, but in England we are chained to their feet with the loan Baring Brothers and the subtle cultural colonization. After independence, we became an informal colony of the British Empire. On July 9, 1949, in Tucuman, General Perón started for our second emancipation. The independence of the British Empire was under way. It is in this context of recovery of political sovereignty for the first time, Argentina, Falkland bears his claim to international forums. Process that crown in 1965 with the UN resolution recognizing the colonial situation of the Malvinas, and obliged to Britain for the first time, to sit at the negotiating table.
* gave us this beautiful text by Professor Pedro Godoy director of the Center for Chileans, CEDECH, cedechdirector@gmail.com
** Marcelo Gullo, Ph.D. in Political Science from the Universidad del Salvador, BA in Political Science Universidad Nacional de Rosario, a graduate in International Studies from the Diplomatic School of Madrid, was awarded the Graduate Diploma (MSc) in International Relations, majoring in History and International Politics, by the Institut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales, Geneva. Helio Jaguaribe disciple and Methol Alberto Ferré, has published numerous articles and books, including Argentina, Brazil: The great opportunity and insubordination founding: a brief history of the construction of the power of nations, adviser on International Relations of the Federation Latin American Workers' Education and Culture (FLATEC) and professor at the Universidad Nacional de Lanús.
Photo: http://malvinense.com.ar/smalvi/10/1543.htm
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